How Different Types Of Well Pumps Work

A well pump is a machine that is used for extracting water from a well. These machines can broadly be divided into two types - the jet pump (shallow well pump) and the submersible pump (deep well pump). Generally, submersible pump types can further be divided into:

 1. Mechanical or rotary pumps

 2. Manual hand pumps requiring human operator

 3. DC submersible well pump

 4. Air-driven pumps

Household wells are either deep or shallow - devices are also fitted accordingly. Let us take a look at the working of well pumps for shallow and deep waters:

For shallow water level: Jet pumps are generally used in the case of shallow water levels. The device is mounted on a platform in the basement, well house or crawl space. The water is pulled with the use of suction. The electric motor and the impeller drive and move the water. The liquid is moved from the well into the jet in front of the impeller. When the liquid leaves the jet, it creates a vacuum in it, which in turn sucks out more water. A tube is fitted at the back of the jet increases in size when the machine's switch is put on. It resists the liquid from slipping down at a fast rate and thereby increases the pressure inside. The water thus gushes out of the plumbing system.

For deep water level: Jet pumps can be used for deep wells too. However, you have to detach the jet from the motor and submerge it in the water. This mechanism is also known as double drop jet pump system. Like the mechanism in the shallow well it needs both the pressure and suction to function. Unlike the shallow well, here it needs two pipes instead of one. While the first pipe is mounted to the impeller to push water to the jet, the second one sends the output back to the pump.

The submersible well pumps also can be used in deep wells.

In submersible types the water is pushed up instead of being pulled as in the case of the previous one. This mechanism is more feasible in the case of a deep well. As the name suggests the entire device remains submerged in the water. The impellers of this mechanism are stacked and separated by the diffusers.

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